@inproceedings{kim:mobility,
    author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz and Songkuk Kim},
    title = {Extracting a mobility model from real user traces},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE
Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)},
    year = {2006},
    month = {April},
    publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
    copyright = {IEEE},
    address = {Barcelona, Spain},
    doi = {10.1109/INFOCOM.2006.173},
    url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kim-mobility.pdf},
    keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network},
    abstract = {Understanding user mobility is critical for simulations of mobile
devices in a wireless network, but current mobility models often do not
reflect real user movements. In this paper, we provide a foundation for such
work by exploring mobility characteristics in traces of mobile users. We
present a method to estimate the physical location of users from a large
trace of mobile devices associating with access points in a wireless network.
Using this method, we extracted tracks of always-on Wi-Fi devices from a
13-month trace. We discovered that the speed and pause time each follow a
log-normal distribution and that the direction of movements closely reflects
the direction of roads and walkways. Based on the extracted mobility
characteristics, we developed a mobility model, focusing on movements among
popular regions. Our validation shows that synthetic tracks match real tracks
with a median relative error of 17\%.}
}