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The Venere Lute Quartet performs on an exquisitely crafted family of Renaissance lutes that are all strung in gut and are modeled after instruments from Venere’s workshop by luthiers Lawrence K. Brown and Grant Tomlinson. This set of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass lutes is sized according to Pythagorean proportions; that is, in relation to the vibrating string length of the bass lute, the tenor lute is three quarters as long and tuned a fourth higher (4:3), the alto lute is two thirds as long and tuned a fifth higher (3:2), and the soprano lute is half as long and tuned an octave higher (2:1). Instrument makers and musicians of the Renaissance were highly influenced by the theoretical and philosophical ideas attributed to Pythagoras, such as the relation of pitch to the length of a vibrating string and the belief that the symphony of sounding numbers in music expressed the orderly workings of the universe. Indeed, for many humanists of the Renaissance, the harmony of the universe was most clearly revealed in the well-tuned, well-played strings of the lute.