BibTeX for a paper by David Kotz at Dartmouth College.
For more information about this paper, visit this web page:
https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~kotz/research/sen-vibering-j/index.html

@Article{sen:vibering-j,
  author =        {Sougata Sen and David Kotz},
  title =         {{VibeRing: Using vibrations from a smart ring as an out-of-band channel for sharing secret keys}},
  journal =       {Journal of Pervasive and Mobile Computing},
  year =          2021,
  month =         {December},
  volume =        78,
  articleno =     101505,
  numpages =      16,
  publisher =     {Elsevier},
  copyright =     {Elsevier},
  DOI =           {10.1016/j.pmcj.2021.101505},
  URL =           {https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~kotz/research/sen-vibering-j/index.html},
  abstract =      {Many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are capable of sensing their environment, communicating with other devices, and actuating on their environment. Some of these IoT devices, herein known as ``smartThings'', collect meaningful information from raw data when they are in use and in physical contact with their user (e.g., a blood-glucose monitor); the smartThing's wireless connectivity allows it to transfer that data to its user's trusted device, such as a smartphone. However, an adversary could impersonate the user and bootstrap a communication channel with the smartThing while the smartThing is being used by an oblivious legitimate user.  \par  To address this problem, in this paper, we investigate the use of \emph{vibration}, generated by a smartRing, as an out-of-band communication channel to unobtrusively share a secret with a smartThing. This exchanged secret can be used to bootstrap a secure wireless channel over which the smartphone (or another trusted device) and the smartThing can communicate. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of this system, which we call \emph{VibeRing}. We describe the hardware and software details of the smartThing and smartRing. Through a user study we demonstrate that it is possible to share a secret with various objects quickly, accurately and securely as compared to several existing techniques. Overall, we successfully exchange a secret between a smartRing and various smartThings, at least 85.9\% of the time. We show that \emph{VibeRing} can perform this exchange at 12.5 bits/second at a bit error rate of less than 2.5\%. We also show that \emph{VibeRing} is robust to the smartThing's constituent material as well as the holding style. Finally, we demonstrate that a nearby adversary cannot decode or modify the message exchanged between the trusted devices.  },
}